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Climate of Africa
Africa mainly lies within the intertropical zone between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. Only the northernmost and the southernmost fringes of the continent have a Mediterranean climate because they aren't located under the tropics. Because of this geographical situation, Africa is a hot continent as the solar radiation intensity is always high. Thus, warm and hot climates prevails all over Africa but the northern part is the most marked part by aridity and high temperatures. The climate of Africa is a range of climates such as the equatorial climate, the tropical wet and dry climate, the tropical monsoon climate, the semi-desert climate (semi-arid), the desert climate (hyper-arid and arid), the subtropical highland climate etc. Temperate climates remain rare through the continent except at very high elevations and along the fringes. In fact, the climate of Africa is more dependent to rainfall amount than to temperatures as they are consistently high. African deserts are the sunniest and the driest parts of the continent due to the prevailing presence of the subtropical ridge with subsiding, hot, dry air masses. Africa holds many heat-related records : the continent has the hottest extended region year-round, the areas with the hottest summer climate, the highest sunshine duration etc.
==Temperatures==
Globally, heating of the earth near the equator leads to large amounts of upward motion and convection along the monsoon trough or Intertropical convergence zone. The divergence over the near-equatorial trough leads to air rising and moving away from the equator aloft. As it moves towards the Mid-Latitudes, the air cools and sinks, which leads to subsidence near the 30th parallel of both hemispheres. This circulation is known as the Hadley cell and leads to the formation of the subtropical ridge.〔Dr. Owen E. Thompson (1996). (Hadley Circulation Cell. ) Channel Video Productions. Retrieved on 2007-02-11.〕 Many of the world's deserts are caused by these climatological high-pressure areas,〔ThinkQuest team 26634 (1999). (The Formation of Deserts. ) Oracle ThinkQuest Education Foundation. Retrieved on 2009-02-16.〕 including the Sahara Desert
Mali, and coolest across the south and at elevation within the topography across the eastern and northwest sections of the continent. The hottest average temperature on Earth is Dallol, Ethiopia, which averages a temperature of throughout the year. The hottest temperature recorded within Africa, which was also the world record, was at 'Aziziya, Libya on September 13, 1922. This has since been proven to be false, due to an inaccurate reading of a thermometer. The world's hottest place is in fact Death Valley, in California.〔(Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation. ) National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved on 2007-06-21.〕〔 (The 136 °F (57.8 °C), claimed by 'Aziziya, Libya, on September 13, 1922, has been officially deemed invalid by the World Meteorological Organization.)〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://wmo.asu.edu/world-highest-temperature )〕 Apparent temperatures, combining the effect of the temperature and humidity, along the Red sea coast of Ethiopia and Gulf of Aden coast of Somalia range between and during the afternoon hours.〔 The lowest temperature measured within Africa was at Ifrane, Morocco on February 11, 1935.〔 Nevertheless, the major part of Africa experiences extreme heat during a good part of the year, especially deserts, steppes and savannas which possesses the highest temperatures. Actually the African deserts are arguably the hottest places on Earth, especially the Sahara Desert and the Danakil Desert, located in the Horn of Africa.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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